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托马斯·阿奎那
作者: 阿龙 | 2008年10月14日 09:24 | 栏目: 托马斯·阿奎那(160) 点击 | (1) 评论 | 本文地址: http://along.blshe.com/post/287/270611
转载了个《基督徒名言集萃》(来源:乡下人进城),其中有这样的内容:女人的主要价值体现为生育能力和做家务的用处。(Thomas von Aquin,教会学者,1225 - 1275)
想亲自了解一下托马斯阿奎那有没有说过上面那句话,如果说过,希望能找到出处。于是开始网上搜索,看到了一些文字,摘抄存档如下(仅存档,不代表博客主人观点):
网名“朽木”者发表于2007-7-29:
[摘抄始,以下简写为“始”]检查一个信仰最直接的方法,就是检查它的教义。教义是不断发展和完善的,而教义无论怎么发展,都不可以离开经典(圣经),在人类历史上,人们对圣经的理解和对自然的理解一样,需要经历一个从简单到完善的过程,尽管如此,从基督教最早的不完整教义开始,比如从奥古斯汀的《三位一体论》,《圣灵与律法》,《人性与恩典》,都找不到任何与犯罪有关的内容,特别是他的《上帝之城》,是后来清教徒的“政教分离”的最早神学基础。到中古世纪,阿奎拿的《神学大全》也找不到促使教会犯错误的依据,虽然在他的《教会与政府》将世俗和圣品二元化,对政教合一产生了一定的不良影响。所以,教会在历史上的弯路,大部分是“应用”的问题,而不是“教义”的问题,也就是说,在各别情况下,一些对教会有影响力的人并没有完全按照“教义"行事。[摘抄毕,以下简写为“毕”]
“乡下人进城”于同日回复“朽木” :
[始] 至于异端,从他们自身来看,他们犯了罪(sin),这罪就是不仅要通过除教令把他们开除出教会、而且必须要通过死刑把他们清除出这个世界的理由。因为,败坏信仰——信仰是灵魂的生命——是比造假币来维持世俗生活更严重的罪行。如果造假币者和其他坏分子必被世俗统治者马上合法送入死亡,那么,一旦异端被确认为异端,不仅马上被开除出教会,而且合情合理地被处死,那就更是应该的了。而从教会这方来说,要有寻求让彷徨者转化的仁慈心,不能立刻(给他们)定罪,但是,就像使徒指示的那样,"一两次小心的警告之后",如果他还是顽固不化,教会不再希望他的转化,那么为了寻求对他人的救赎,就应该把他开除出教会,并进一步把他移交到世俗法庭受审并以死亡来把他从这世界上除掉。
知道这段话是谁说的吧?告诉你吧,这就是你号称“找不到促使教会犯错误的依据”的阿奎纳的《神学大全》里的话(Summa theol.IIa IIae q. XI, a. 3)。如果不是因为中世纪的宗教裁判和火烧女巫的残忍,你对阿奎纳的高论真可以让人笑掉大牙了! [毕]
“朽木”于2007-7-30说:
[始] 俺把这段话重新翻译一下:
“关于异端,必须想到两件事:「第一件是从异端而来的,那就是罪恶;第二件是存在教会内的,那就是怜悯。异端所破坏的是信德,那是灵魂的生命,所以异端远比伪造金钱以应付现世生活需要的罪行更为严重。如果伪造金钱和干犯其他罪行的人都立刻被国王处死,那麽异端者除了被开除教籍外,岂不更应该被处死。可是教会是怜悯的,它愿意叫误入歧途的人归正,所以并不立刻给人定罪,而是先给以第一次和第二次的警告,就像宗徒所教导的一样。经过两次警告後,如果异端者执迷不悟,规劝无效,教会为了拯救其他人的灵魂,只好将他开除教籍,使他离开教会,把他交给民间世俗的权威去处死」。” [毕]
“朽木”和“乡下人进城”给出的译文头一句话就不一样:
(乡:)至于异端,从他们自身来看,他们犯了罪(sin),这罪就是不仅要通过除教令把他们开除出教会、而且必须要通过死刑把他们清除出这个世界的理由。
(朽:)关于异端,必须想到两件事:「第一件是从异端而来的,那就是罪恶;第二件是存在教会内的,那就是怜悯。[按:下划线、红色和粗体是摘抄者加的]
我能看出不同,其他人也能看出不同,针对上面加下划线的部分,“在美一方”说:
[始] 请你把这段的原文贴出来,看看是谁翻译的符合原意。英文版是:
With regard to heretics two points must be observed: one, on their own side; the other, on the side of the Church.
请问 “那就是罪恶;...... 那就是怜悯”从何而来?也许拉丁文版里有? [毕]
之前,这两种译文被网名“在美一方”者看到了,“在美一方”针对“朽木”的译文说:
[始] 您能不能再往下多看一篇?就是 Summa theol. IIa IIae q. XI, a. 4,说说那里是如何“宽容接纳”回头的异端的。 [毕]
“朽木”说:
[始] 是这一段吗?
For this reason the Church not only admits to Penance those who return from heresy for the first time, but also safeguards their lives, and sometimes by dispensation, restores them to the ecclesiastical dignities which they may have had before, should their conversion appear to be sincere: we read of this as having frequently been done for the good of peace. But when they fall again, after having been received, this seems to prove them to be inconstant in faith, wherefore when they return again, they are admitted to Penance, but are not delivered from the pain of death. [毕]
“在美一方”说:
[始] 还应该包括紧接着的那段。[毕]
然后“在美一方”又一次问“朽木” “那就是罪恶;...... 那就是怜悯”从何而来?没见“朽木”给出来源。但通过搜索“在美一方”和“朽木”贴出的英文内容,找到了在线的《神学大全》(Summa Theologica)英文本,译文有分歧的那段也看到了,“在美一方”提到的“紧接着的那段”也看到了。这书中写道(网址:http://www.newadvent.org/summa/3011.htm):
[始] I answer that, With regard to heretics two points must be observed: one, on their own side; the other, on the side of the Church. On their own side there is the sin, whereby they deserve not only to be separated from the Church by excommunication, but also to be severed from the world by death. For it is a much graver matter to corrupt the faith which quickens the soul, than to forge money, which supports temporal life. Wherefore if forgers of money and other evil-doers are forthwith condemned to death by the secular authority, much more reason is there for heretics, as soon as they are convicted of heresy, to be not only excommunicated but even put to death. [毕]
……
[始] For this reason the Church not only admits to Penance those who return from heresy for the first time, but also safeguards their lives, and sometimes by dispensation, restores them to the ecclesiastical dignities which they may have had before, should their conversion appear to be sincere: we read of this as having frequently been done for the good of peace. But when they fall again, after having been received, this seems to prove them to be inconstant in faith, wherefore when they return again, they are admitted to Penance, but are not delivered from the pain of death.
Reply to Objection 1. In God's tribunal, those who return are always received, because God is a searcher of hearts, and knows those who return in sincerity. But the Church cannot imitate God in this, for she presumes that those who relapse after being once received, are not sincere in their return; hence she does not debar them from the way of salvation, but neither does she protect them from the sentence of death. [毕]
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转载了个《基督徒名言集萃》(来源:乡下人进城),其中有这样的内容:女人的主要价值体现为生育能力和做家务的用处。(Thomas von Aquin,教会学者,1225 - 1275)
想亲自了解一下托马斯阿奎那有没有说过上面那句话,如果说过,希望能找到出处。
这个这个愿望还没有实现。
下接:《托马斯·阿奎那(二)》




